High-concentration coal–water slurry from Indian coals using newly developed additives

Coal–water slurry (CWS) holds promise to offer a long-term alternative to fuel oil, and also it is being conceived as an attractive fuel for power generation industry in India. The essential requirements of the CWS technology, viz., the additive package, concentration of additives, particle size distribution (PSD) of coal, solids loading, methodology for CWS formulation and its rheological properties, have been discussed and reported here. The effect of the two newly developed anionic additives in the formulation of CWS has been studied. The basic parameters were established taking beneficiated Ledo coal samples with 9.7% ash content. Ball milling of the coal samples in a wet grinding process could produce particle size distributions most suited for highly loaded CWS. Coal loadings to the extent of 70% in the CWS have been achieved using a concentration of 0.8 wt.% (on coal charge) of the naphthalene-based additive referred to as ‘P’. Using 0.9 wt.% of the naphthalene-toluene-based additive denoted as ‘R’, a coal loading of 69% has been achieved. The viscosities of the slurries were found to be below 1000 mPa s. The shelf lives of slurries were found to be 22 and 20 days with the use of additives P and R, respectively, in the CWS formulation. The two additives functioned well in CWS formulation with Sirka coal having relatively higher ash content (14.4%). Using the specified concentration of the additives P and R, the solid loadings of 67% and 65%, respectively, could be obtained under the established parameters. The lower values of solids loading from Sirka coal than that from Ledo coal in CWS formulation may be attributed to the higher percentages of oxygen-containing functional groups (O_OH and O_COOH), ash content and higher O/C ratio of Sirka coal.     

关于有效解决多组分沉积物问题的研究

纸厂中的沉积物通常含有多种组分,其主要来源于机械浆、回用纤维、涂布损纸以及过程添加剂等多种原料.通常这些沉积物中某一组分可作为沉积作用的主要引发剂,同时也可作为其他原料之间的粘合剂,因此对这种引发剂进行鉴定和处理对减少胶粘物的沉积具有重要意义.另一方面,在胶粘物沉积现象严重的过程中,其还可以帮助有效地鉴别二次胶粘物.然而,要准确鉴别这种引发剂还有一定的难度.作者对纸厂胶粘物的沉积、浆料、沉积机理以及沉积物本身的组成等进行了研究,以期建立一种可靠的方法,有效地鉴别目前以及将来引发沉积物沉积的引发剂.     

应用流式细胞仪判断二次胶黏物

在纸浆悬浮液中分别加入3种阳离子定着剂A159、A160和A169,并分别采用浊度法和流式细胞仪测定了纸浆悬浮液中溶解和胶体物质(DCS)的含量。结果表明,在3种定着效果完全不同的阳离子定着剂作用下,通过浊度计测定,滤液的浊度与处理前相比都有大幅度的下降,但3种定着剂的作用效果无显著差异。而通过流式细胞仪测定,良好定着剂处理后,DCS的数量显著减少,但DCS的颗粒大小未发生变化;较差定着剂处理后,DCS的数量虽然也有大幅度的减少,但DCS颗粒却变大,胶体系统失稳并形成了絮凝沉淀。因此,定着剂对胶体系统的处理效果,可通过流式细胞仪的检测较好地表征出来。     

纤维表面木素含量对纸页强度的影响

本文用CTMP分别与漂白针叶木硫酸盐浆和漂白阔叶木硫酸盐浆配抄纸页,用原子力显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪从微观角度研究了纤维表面木素含量对纸页强度的影响。研究表明化学浆纤维表面存在大量的微细纤维,而CTMP纤维表面覆盖有颗粒状木素、抽出物。纤维表面木素含量随打浆程度提高而降低,混合纤维表面木素含量与浆料的配比存在线性关系。受纤维表面木素浓度的影响,随CTMP配比增加,纸页的抗张指数和层间结合强度降低。     

Compositional analysis and projected biofuel potentials from common West African agricultural residues

In recent years the focus on sustainable biofuel production from agricultural residues has increased considerably. However, the scientific work within this field has predominantly been concentrated upon bioresources from industrialised and newly industrialised countries, while analyses of the residues from most developing countries remain sparse. In this study the theoretical bioenergy potentials (bioethanol and biogas) of a spectrum of West African agricultural residues were estimated based on their compositions. We analysed 13 of the most common residues: yam peelings, cassava peelings, cassava stalks, plantain peelings, plantain trunks, plantain leaves, cocoa husks, cocoa pods, maize cobs, maize stalks, rice straw, groundnut straw and oil palm empty fruit bunches. The yam peelings showed the highest methane and bioethanol potentials, with 439 L methane (kg Total Solids)⁻¹ and 0.61 L bioethanol (kg TS)⁻¹ based on starch and cellulose alone due to their high starch content and low content of un-biodegradable lignin and ash. A complete biomass balance was done for each of the 13 residues, providing a basis for further research into the production of biofuels or biorefining from West African agricultural residues.     

碱回收白泥碳酸钙与商品碳酸钙基本特性及其加填性能的比较

基本性质对比研究表明：碱回收白泥碳酸钙与商品碳酸钙在白度、纯度、晶体结构和比表面积与孔径分布上存在较大差异,而柱径分布差距较小;加填量26％时,白泥碳酸钙加填浆料系统滤水速率和留着率均大于商品碳酸钙,但AKD施胶效果在不同加填量下均比商品碳酸钙差。手抄片物理性能检测结果表明：白泥碳酸钙加填纸抗张强度、耐破强度和白度总体上高于商品碳酸钙,但撕裂度、耐折度和不透明度较差．     

影响扬声器纸质振膜动态力学性能的因素

研究了不同定量、不同浆料打浆度对扬声器纸质振膜材料动态弹性模量和损耗因子的影响,并对复合纸质振膜的动态力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,随着纸张定量的增加,浆料打浆度的提高,纸张的紧度和动态弹性模量升高,损耗因子下降.纸质振膜的复合结构影响其动态力学性能,与原纸相比,干法复合导致复合纸紧度和损耗因子均升高,湿法复合使复合纸紧度降低而损耗因子升高,无论干法还是湿法复合后,复合纸的动态弹性模量变化均不明显.